Esperanto a la malagueña: el curioso libro 36 (1890) Already in the first issue of The esperantist
first international language magazine, featured a numbered bibliography of published works in Esperanto. Not surprisingly, the number 1 corresponded to known as
Unua Book, ie the Russian edition of the first manual of the international language, Zamenhof published in July 1887. That same year he published editions Polish, French and German Book Unua
to under numbers 2, 3 and 4.
In 1888 he published his fifth book, the English edition:
Dr. Esperanto's International Tongue. Preface and complete method of J. St. [Julian Steinhaus]. Zamenhof was informed of the poor quality of translation and the number 5 disappeared from the list and was occupied by the new translation, the work of Richard Geogheghan and published in 1889.
Double number 5 of "Nomar de l 'Lingvo Internacia verkoj the pri Esperanto." The final version of Geoghegan and Julian ephemeral Steinhaus
numbered bibliography of Esperanto language continued to grow with the first dictionaries short
(malgrandaj vortaroj) in five languages \u200b\u200b(Russian, Polish, French, German and English, numbers 6 to 10), known as Dua
Paper (11) and Aldon
(12), new textbooks in other languages \u200b\u200b(Hebrew, 13; yiddish, 23, Swedish, 24, Latvian, 29, Dane, 33, Bulgarian, 34, Italian, 35) and more substantial dictionaries (Russian-vortaro Full
Internacia , 17;
Meza International Vortaro Germana, 21). The first literary translations were also making an appearance in the literature. Antoni Grabowski (1857-1921), who is said to have had with the first conversation Zamenhof history in Esperanto, translated Pushkin (
The negative blovado , 14) and Goethe (
The gefratoj , 17).
A. Grabowski
Esperanto in Spain Esperanto penetration in Spain is reflected in a curious way in literature numbered. Thus, the first book about Esperanto to English was not a manual or paper version of
Unua, but a dictionary, the Esperanto-Hispana Vortaro
(26) work of Edgar von Wahl (1867-1948). Von Wahl (Wahl o), born in Ukraine, studied in St. Petersburg and moved to Tallinn. He became interested in Volapük, but left in Esperanto as he read the Book Unua
. Von Wahl experimented with Esperanto translations of Lermontov, helped
The esperantist and in 1889 published the Esperanto-English dictionary, based on the first short Esperanto-Russian dictionary of Zamenhof.
Edgar von Wahl
That same year, 1889, Joaquin de Arce & Winery, the then librarian of the Senate addressed this Zamenhof and received three copies of his grammar (probably version French). He kept one and sent the two Codorniu remaining Ricardo (1846-1923), who in 1903 founded the Hispanic
Societo for Spreading of Esperanto , and Malaga José Rodríguez Huertas, president of the Club Malaga Volapuk. Apparently, the book convinced Rodríguez Huertas, because in 1890 he published what became the first textbook of Esperanto in Castilian, a curious book that would fit with the number 36 in the "Nomar." This was expressed in the foreword to the new language: (1)
But as we have encountered, so to speak, with this new language, with excellent conditions of simplicity and more likely to succeed than Volapük, we are the first lowering our flag for steadfastly enlist under the banner that symbolizes, according to our humble opinion, the earliest and completion of progress absolutely sure that we all desire.
Grammar, exercises, dictionary of Dr. Esperanto Internacia linguo Home Rodríguez Huertas book reproduces as Ludovikito (Ito Kanzi) in Ludovikologia Dokumentaro, III, p. 257. Given the ex libris of Luis Hernandez Yzal, the original book must be in the Esperanto Museum of Subirats . Huertas Rodriguez's book is from beginning to end, the most unorthodox of the manual "based" in the Book Unua
of Zamenhof. In the preface, after a brief historical note on the adoption of an international language, the author addresses "of the languages \u200b\u200bthat aspire to be universal, called Lingua, Lingua Volapük and [linguo] Internacia." The first, says this is due to "a wise English linguist whose name I remember, [...] who has recently given birth in London essentially a language of Latin roots." The author's name did not remember Rodríguez Huertas was
George J. Henderson that had published
Lingua, an International Language for Purposes of commerce and science. General outlines in the spring of 1888 (and later would be Esperanto.) Lingua Huertas Rodríguez claimed that it lacked "the finished beauty and sublime as harmonious sound of language [Latin]." Volapük's claims that "their words are very difficult to retain in memory."
Already in the title Grammar
struck by the
or of
linguo , and Rodriguez decided to replace the
Huertas v by
or , as explained at the end:
Words that have in Following a v , whose sound is to our or [?], are written here with this last letter. Example: Akuo by Akvo , linguo by lingvo, Kuar by kvar, kuin by Kvin , etc., Etc.
then the prologue highlights three rules that provide insight into the language of "half an hour [...] more than enough time to learn to perfection the mechanism": the formation of women with the suffix-in-
( curious choice considering the final draft Rodríguez Huertas), training of antonyms with the prefix mal-
and adoption of international words. Finally, the prologue highlights the Latin roots of many words and concludes:
order not to issue, to learn this language, it has to waste time, assuming that there will be anyone with whom to correspond, to put Grammar continued a letter in the new language, that, turning to one of the individuals whose homes are at the foot, may be known by them that Lingui Internacia is making very rapid progress in all of Europe.
The description of the alphabet stands explaining the
j , "as French
j:-o jur
(tchuro) oath." The explanation is a sense in the absence of ĵ
. That is, change the
Rodríguez Huertas ĵ by j. The explanation for the absence of either
ŭ is revealed until page 30.
Finally, the alphabet does not contain the
and , which is not surprising considering that does not exist in Esperanto. However, Rodriguez Huertas used to form the plural ("12. Only sign of pluralism, and
) and in general to replace j
(yes, yam, yaro) .
personal pronouns in Esperanto, according to Rodriguez Huertas
The next major surprise is found in the box declining the personal pronouns. Apart from the implementation of the six cases the Castilian Latino surprising that the accusative is equal to the nominative. The explanation once again on page 30 ("Changes made to the grammar):
3. ª indicated by placing the accused immediately after the word verb that functions as direct object of it. Example: My lay via leter , instead of my lay Vian leteron;
Besides occasional inaccuracies, grammar adequately explain the parts of speech (article, noun, adjective, adverb, verb ...) and prefixes and suffixes.
After comparing a paragraph in Castilian, lingua, Volapük and Esperanto (in order to highlight the simplicity of Esperanto), the manual again approaches an Orthodox manual: exercises, Lord's Prayer in Esperanto, the first verses of Genesis, a letter ...
Rodríguez Huertas also proposes a model letter to request an exchange of correspondence in Esperanto and adds a number of addresses European Esperanto (Zamenhof, Kelter, Schmidt, etc.).
Sample letter and addresses
Finally, on page 30, the author clarifies the adjustments I've been mentioning:
the purpose of introducing this language to our compatriots in a way extremely easy, and by the need to bridge the typographical difficulty stems from the very beginning the publication of a book on strange characters to those of our use we have been compelled to introduce some reforms to make it known, cherishing the intimate conviction illustrated the very scholar who has been invented for, bear in mind, thanks to its straight approach, which, in so doing, we do so only instigated by the hope that this noble and transcendental invention is spread in a fast, and with the least number of obstacles throughout our territory.
Finally, as if it were a gazetteer, the author provides information on the different cities in which "supports Internacia linguo correspondence." Call attention to some of the localities that were used [?] At the time, like this, I guess it refers to Aachen (Aachen, Aix-la-Chapelle) Germany
Chapelle has manufacturing machines, cloth and pins .
dictionary, very small and without clear criteria, occupies pages 34 to 51. The last entry in the dictionary (
zorg-i , care) is followed by the word END. However, it remains the most puzzling.
"Reform proponents of this language lovers living in Malaga» Under this heading, and then adapt the script and remove the accusative, Rodríguez Huertas proposed to replace the
single article of a series of articles definite and indefinite to mark gender and number. This is your proposal.
Instead of the single article Common to all genders, numbers and cases, you should use , joins for male names, their occupations and male animal; the , a , for the names of women, its offices and female animal, and it , a to precede the names of things, whose plural would be respectively: law; Uney ; lay ; unay ; loy; UNOY . Declared
this reform by the inventor, would remain the same word for the male name, the gender change: v. gr.:
Le Ceval (the horse), the CEVAL (the mare); ĉevaloy law (the horses); lay ĉevaloy (the mares).
This would be very suitable for conocimienro of the words and prompt translation, since a simple inspection of the item would be deducted if they were names of persons or animals of either sex, or of inanimate beings. At the entrance
"Hispanujo" the
Enciklopedio of Esperanto says José Rodríguez Huertas and the author of this first English grammar also founded the first Esperanto club in the country in 1892.
The
Grammar, exercises, dictionary of Dr. Esperanto Internacia linguo became the number 36 of Esperanto literature. Zamenhof was not pleased with the work.
Notes: (1) In all quotations I have retained the original orthography and errata from the original.
Ĝisdatigo atentigas min Toño del Barrio in
first artikolo aperigita HEF Bulletin in 1987. Juan Azcuénaga jam
bonege pritraktis the aferon. Jen
ligilo:
www.gazetejo.org/system/files/gazetoj/bol279.pdf (p-oj 9-12)
